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Successful cross-breeding requires the investigation into the inheritance pattern of desirable traits. The present study recorded the segregation in coloration and analyzed anthocyanin concentration and composition in berry skin and flesh of the F1 interspecific populations (‘Beifeng’ × ‘Yan-73’) during the three successive growing seasons. All the progeny presented color in berry skin, whereas segregation...
Understanding genetic control of fiber development is essential for cotton improvement. This study analyzed several thousand fiber Unigenes in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). They included 2423 Unigenes for fiber initiation (IN), 1841 for fiber elongation (EL) and 86 for secondary cell wall deposition (SCWD). These Unigenes were located on recombination hotspots between At and Dt subgenomes with...
Cucumber is of tropical origin and is sensitive to low temperature. In temperate growing regions or production areas at a high altitude, low temperature germination (LTG) ability is an ideal trait that would allow for early planting. However, the genetic basis for LTG ability in cucumber is poorly understood. In the present study, we conducted QTL analysis for LTG ability using a recombinant inbred...
This study presents a grapevine breeding project that examines technologies for the development of new cultivars with a view to combining nematode resistance with desirable agronomic traits. The objectives of this study were to undertake a genetic-molecular characterization of a segregating population with resistance to the nematode P. brachyurus, resulting from hybridizations between different selections...
Breeding for enhanced rooting depth and root biomass in deeper soil layers is a promising strategy to adapt wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants to drought periods. We evaluated (1) the extent of indirect selection of root traits during the last century of wheat breeding and (2) how it affected the variety performance under well-watered conditions compared to gradually developing drought stress. Fourteen...
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a major forage legume crop with diploid and tetraploid cultivars. Seed yield is an important trait in red clover, but the underlying reasons for low seed yield in individual genotypes are not well known. Here we investigated direct associations between seed yield and ovule abortion, male meiotic abnormalities, and pollen quality in well-characterized, diploid...
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and sorghum (Sorghum spp.) have become increasingly important crops for biofuels production. Sugarcane has an autopolyploid complex genome, whereas sorghum has a diploid simple genome. Flowering is one of the sugar-related agronomic traits in both species. Here, we obtained cDNA of inflorescences at 0–15 cm from S. spontaneum using cDNA-amplified restriction fragment length...
The objective of this study was to compare the selection of maize lines by genomic selection and phenotypic selection, performed on the basis of selection indices rather than on each trait separately. To achieve this, 256 plants of an F2 population (S1 lines) were genotyped with 177 microsatellite molecular markers. These lines were evaluated in experiments with replications, considering different...
The study of morphological and molecular diversity and grouping analysis for cultivated inbred tomato lines is very important to help breeders in selecting parental lines for hybrid breeding and developing heterotic groups. In this study, a total of 324 cultivated inbred tomato lines collected from various sources were investigated for the presence of 17 agronomic traits and subsequently genotyped...
Heading date (HD) is an important agronomic trait that influences plant adaptability to varying environment and, ultimately, grain yield. In this study, two doubled haploid (DH) populations were used to identify new QTL for HD. One of the DH populations is originated from a cross between an Australian malting barley cv. Franklin and a wild barley accession TAM407227 and the other one is from the cross...
Barley is the fourth largest grain crop globally with varieties suited to temperate, subarctic, and subtropical areas. The identification and subsequent selection of superior varieties are complicated by genotype-by-environment interactions. The main objective of this study was to use parametric and non-parametric stability measures along with a GGE biplot model to identify high-yielding stable barley...
Yellow mosaic disease, caused by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), is one of the most serious diseases of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Japan. WYMV pathotype I is distributed mainly in western and central Japan, pathotype II in northern Japan, and pathotype III on a part of the southern island of Japan. Major resistance genes and quantitative trait loci for WYMV were previously identified...
After drought, a major challenge to smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa is low-fertility soils with poor nitrogen (N)-supplying capacity. Many challenges in this region need to be overcome to create a viable fertilizer market. An intermediate solution is the development of maize varieties with an enhanced ability to take up or utilize N in severely depleted soils, and to more efficiently use...
This research evaluated the potential for using sexual crosses for genetic improvement of fiber yield, lint percent, AFIS fiber quality, and fiber initiation of two naked-tufted mutants of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The naked tufted lines were crossed with ten fuzzy breeding lines to generate 10 F2 populations. The F2 distributions were tested with Chi Square for Goodness of Fit to two monogenic...
Phenology is an important trait for the adaption of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to various target environments. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of flowering time on other phenological traits and yield-related traits. F2 and F3 segregating populations derived from the crosses of four early-flowering lines (ICCV 96029, ICC 5810, BGD 132 and ICC 16641) with a late-flowering cultivar...
There is a steady demand for high-quality rice varieties though consumers’ preference for high-quality rice varies from regions. The improvement of the quality of rice, especially its eating and cooking quality (ECQ), is an important breeding target as rice is mainly consumed in cooked form. The development and utilization of breeder-friendly and high-throughput marker systems play a pivotal role...
Soybeans are an important ingredient in traditional foods of Japan, such as tofu, natto, miso, boiled beans, soy sauce, and edamame. Japanese soybeans have been subjected to selection for use as a food for many years and have different characteristics from those of oilseed soybeans. Useful genomic resources for studying Japanese soybeans, such as high-density linkage maps, chromosome segment substitution...
Stripe (yellow) rust is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat production. More than 80 stripe rust resistance (Yr) genes have been officially named, however Yr26 gene has lost resistance to CYR34 (V26) since 2011. In this study, we evaluated resistance of 692 elite wheat cultivars from China to stripe rust in adult plant stage and resistance to CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34 Pst races in seedling...
Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crtz.] of the Brassicaceae family is an annual oilseed crop that has received increasing attention as a biofuel feedstock because of its excellent adaptability to low fertility drylands. Even though moisture is one of the critical factors affecting plant growth and seed yield, genetic studies on response to water deficit in camelina have been limited. This study aimed...
The BASF Corporation recently developed Provisia™ rice that is resistant to the ACCase inhibitor quizalofop-p-ethyl (QPE) for control of grassy weeds and that is complementary to the existing Clearfield® technology. The objective of this research was to determine the inheritance of resistance to QPE in different populations of rice evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Five QPE-resistant...
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